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Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and
Risk Management
Crisis and Emergency Management
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NOTICE: The ICDRM's monthly emergency managment forum, held at the GWU |
| February
2003
Volume 4 - Number 1 |
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Links:
Current events
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EMSE 232 Monthly Newsletter Submission
Tara A. Leweling
Update on the Marmara Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction (MEER) Project On August 16, 1999, an earthquake centered near Izmit, Turkey, and measuring 7.4 on the Richter Scale resulted in an estimated 15,466 deaths, 23,954 injuries, and destruction of approximately $25B worth or property, including the destruction of 57,572 houses and 9,866 businesses, with moderate damage to an additional 56,312 houses and 8,869 businesses (1). In response, the World Bank approved two loans to the Government of Turkey (GOT)--$252.53M for earthquake recovery and $505M for emergency reconstruction to “assist Turkey in recovering from the impact of the devastating earthquake that hit the Marmara region on August 17, 1999, and in taking action to minimize the damage and human loss from future natural disasters (2).” Monies provided for emergency reconstruction were made available through the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development and executed as part of the Government of Turkey’s Marmara Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction (MEER) Project (3), with a projected total cost of $737.11M (4). Through modification of previous loans with the World Bank and other financieers, the GOT has borrowed a total of $1795.95M as a result of the Marmara earthquake (4). Specifics expenditures are to include: - Disaster Response System and Risk Mitigation ($419.16M, World Bank and GOT)—includes a National Emergency Management System ($110.17M), Disaster Insurance Scheme ($273.00M), Land Use Planning and Enforcement of Construction Codes ($11.78M), and Catastrophe Renovation and Land Management ($24.21M) - Trauma Program for Adults ($6.89M, World Bank) - Construction of Permanent Housing in Bolu, Kocaeli, and Yalova ($293.32M, World Bank and GOT) - Project Management ($12.69M, World Bank and GOT) - Business Rehabilitation ($109.72M, Others) - Construction of Permanent Housing Bolu, Sakarya, Yalovav, Istanbul, Bursa, and Eskisehir ($177.07M, Others) - Repair of Existing House, Stock, and Healthcare Facilities ($632.12M, Others) - Rebuilding and Repair of Roads, Water Supply Systems, Wastewater Systems, and Power Distribution Networks ($139.73M, Others) - Front-end fee ($5.05M) While little information is available on contracts paid by the GOT or other financiers, as of January 22, 2003, contracts provided through monies lent by the World Bank total $206.703M. Of this sum, $149.959M is under contract with Turkish firms for construction, nearly all related to housing. The remaining $56.744M has been promised to companies based in Germany, India, and Egypt for consulting services and to a company based on the United Kingdom for assistance with “reinsurance brokerage and reinsurance placement – procurement for the Turkish catastrophe insurance pool (5).” 1. Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. (1999) Annual Report, FY 1999. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington DC. Available: http://www.usaid.gov/hum_response/ofda/99annual/ 2. “World Bank Provides Earthquake Assistance to Turkey.” (1999, November 16) Press Release, World Bank, Washington DC. Available: http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/extme/094.htm 3. Prime Minstry. (2000, September 3) “Marmara Emergency Earthquake Reconstruction (MEER) Project.” Republic of Turkey. Available: http://www.pub.gov.tr/meerback.htm 4. “Emergency Reconstruction Project.” Available: http://www.tradeport.org/ts/countries/turkey/mrr/mark0030.html 5. “Contract Details for MEER Project.” (2003, January 22) World Bank. Available: http://www4.worldbank.org/sprojects/ContractSupplier.asp?pid=P068368&RepType=project |