Governor Ridge Announces Homeland Security Advisory System 
The Homeland Security Advisory System will provide a comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist attacks to Federal, State, and local authorities and to the American people

Homeland Security and the President's Budget Priorities
The President's Budget for 2003 — the Federal government's first post-September 11 budget reflects his absolute commitment to achieving a more secure homeland. The FY 2003 Budget directs $37.7 billion to homeland security, up from 19.5 billion in 2002. This massive infusion of Federal resources reflects the priority the President has attached to the homeland security agenda.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/
 

February 4, 2002 
The President's Plan 

$3.5 billion, a 1,000-percent increase -- for the nation’s “first responders.” These are the police officers, firefighters and medical personnel who risk their lives every day defending our homeland -- and who gave their lives on 9/11. The funding will help pay for new equipment, training and overtime costs, based on what states, cities and counties agree they need in order to implement their anti-terrorism plan. 

$11 billion for border security, a $2 billion increase. This includes a significant increase for the Coast Guard and the U.S. Customs Service, to keep unwanted goods – including drugs -- from coming into the U.S. by land, sea or air. And it includes funding for the Immigration and Naturalization Service to develop a new entry-exit visa database and tracking system. 

Nearly $6 billion to defend against bioterrorism. This will help hospitals become better able to respond to a bioterror emergency; boost research and development of new vaccines, medicines and diagnostic tests; and build up our critical National Pharmaceutical Stockpile. 

$700 million to improve intelligence-gathering and information-sharing. This money will not only help federal agencies share information with each other, but develop ways that we can share information with states and cities so they can better determine how to use their resources. 

$230 million to create Citizen Corps. A variety of programs to engage ordinary Americans in specific homeland security efforts in their own communities. Initiatives include the creation of a Medical Reserve Corps, a Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS) program and a Terrorist Information and Prevention System (TIPS) – as well as a doubling of the Neighborhood Watch program, and a tripling of the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program. 

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020204-2.html

February 5, 2002 
Defending Against Biological Terrorism Defending Against Biological Terrorism 
Disease has long been the deadliest enemy of mankind. Infectious diseases make no distinctions among people and recognize no borders. We have fought the causes and consequences of disease throughout history and must continue to do so with every available means. All civilized nations reject as intolerable the use of disease and biological weapons as instruments of war and terror. 

President George W. Bush 
November 1, 2001 
One of the most important missions we have as a Nation is to be prepared for the threat of biological terrorism - the deliberate use of disease as a weapon. An effective biodefense will require a long-term strategy and significant new investment in the U.S. health care system. The President is taking steps now that will significantly improve the Nation's ability to protect its citizens against the threat of bioterrorism. The President's Budget for 2003 proposes $5.9 billion to defending against biological terrorism, an increase of $4.5 billion - or 319 percent - from the 2002 level. This new funding will focus on: 

1. Infrastructure. Strengthen the State and local health systems, including by enhancing medical communications and disease surveillance capabilities, to maximize their contribution to the overall biodefense of the Nation. 

2. Response. Improve specialized Federal capabilities to respond in coordination with State and local governments, and private capabilities in the event of a bioterrorist incident and build up the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile. 

3. Science. Meet the medical needs of our bioterrorism response plans by developing specific new vaccines, medicines, and diagnostic tests through an aggressive research and development program. 

Responsibility for detecting and managing a bioterrorist attack needs to be shared among a wide range of Federal, State, local, and private entities. The resources made available in the President's Budget for 2003 will help the Nation develop an effective "early warning" system against a possible bioterrorist attack, and mount an effective operational response to manage its medical consequences. These enhanced capabilities, once in place, will also enhance the Nation's ability to respond to outbreaks of naturally occurring diseases. 

Infrastructure: Strengthening America's Public Health System 
The President is committed to improving the ability of State and local public health care systems to deal with bioterrorism. State and local medical personnel are a principal line of defense against bioterrorism, and will often be the first to recognize that we are under a biological attack. Ensuring that State and local health care providers have the appropriate tools and the training is critical as our health care community works to carry out this mission. 

Many of our health care systems are not adequately prepared for a large-scale attack:
The health care system lacks the surge capabilities needed to handle quickly large numbers of victims and have insufficient isolation facilities for contagious patients. The information system that knits together hospital emergency rooms and public health officials is antiquated and inadequate. Little has been done to promote regional mutual aid compacts among health care institutions for bioterrorism attacks. Training for health care providers in the handling of bioterrorism victims has been infrequent. 

In his 2003 Budget, the President has proposed $1.6 billion to assist State and local health care systems in improving their ability to manage both contagious and non-contagious biological attacks, to expand health care surge capabilities, to upgrade public health laboratory capabilities, and to provide training for medical personnel. The Budget also makes available funding to support the development of regional medical mutual aid compacts. In the event of an emergency, these compacts will enable State and local emergency managers to augment local medical care providers quickly and efficiently. Finally, the communications network that links the acute care providers of our communities with their public health counterparts will be modernized and improved so that vital information on the detection and treatment of disease can flow swiftly. 

Response: Enhancing Specialized Federal Capabilities 
A major act of biological terrorism would almost certainly overwhelm existing State, local, and privately owned health care capabilities. For this reason, the Federal government maintains a number of specialized response capabilities for a bioterrorist attack. The President's Budget invests $1.8 billion to ensure that these specialized Federal resources are adequate for the threat we face. 

The President and the Congress have already taken steps to acquire a national supply of smallpox vaccine and ensure that by the end of fiscal year 2002, the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile will contain sufficient antibiotics to treat 20 million people against diseases such as anthrax, plague and tularemia. The President's Budget for 2003 provides $650 million to carry the process of enhancing the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile even further through: 

The acquisition of the next-generation anthrax vaccine, and the maintenance of and improvements to the national supply of smallpox vaccine. The budget will also provide resources to acquire sufficient amounts of vaccinia immunoglobulin (VIG) to treat those that might experience adverse reactions to inoculations. 

Continued maintenance of and improvements to the "push packs" that can be used in the case of both biological and conventional attacks. These pre-assembled packages contain life-saving antidotes, pharmaceuticals, and other medical supplies, and are deployed to the disaster site within 12 hours of a request. The first emergency use of the "push packs" came on September 11 in New York City. In fiscal year 2002, the national supply of these "push packs" was increased from 8 to 12. 

An enhanced vendor managed inventory program so that the Federal government can quickly obtain the additional antibiotics, antidotes, and medical equipment and supplies if an incident requires a larger or multi-phased response. 

Funding support for the States and localities to plan for the receipt and distribution of medicines from the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile. 

The streamlining and integration the Federal bioterrorism response efforts into a unified plan 
Recognizing the potentially global nature of bioterrorism, the Budget for 2003 devotes $10 million to create a team of epidemiological scientists who are committed to working with their counterparts in foreign countries to provide information, research, awareness, and early warning of potential health threats from abroad. Finally, the President's Budget for 2003 provides $20 million to strengthen the Epidemiological Intelligence Service (EIS) at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta. Established in 1951 following the start of the Korean War as an early-warning system against biological warfare, the EIS today has expanded into a surveillance and response unit for all types of epidemics. 

Science: A New Medical Toolkit for Fighting Bioterrorism 
Whether we succeed or fail in our response to an act of bioterrorism depends in large measure on the quality and effectiveness of our diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapeutic drugs. Our experience responding to the anthrax letter attacks of October 2001 has revealed major inadequacies in our existing medical "toolkit" for fighting bioterrorism. Some of the diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics available to us today were developed during the Cold War and hence do not harness the full power of modern biomedical science. 

The President's Budget for 2003 devotes $2.4 billion to jump-starting the research and development process needed to provide America with the medical tools needed to support an effective response to bioterrorism. These resources will be focused in the following areas: 
$1.75 billion will be provided to the National Institutes of Health to conduct basic and applied research needed to provide solutions to a range of specific operational problems in our bioterrorism response plans. To do this, NIH will lead a partnership with industry, academia, and government agencies dedicated to understanding the pathogenesis of potential bioterrorism agents and to translating this knowledge into required medical products. 

Over $600 million will be allocated to the Department of Defense, of which $420 million will be used to accelerate efforts to develop better detection, identification, collection, and monitoring technology. Additionally, the scientists working under Defense auspices will support the law enforcement, national security, and medical communities by improving our understanding of how potential bioterrorism pathogens may be weaponized, transported, and disseminated. 
$75 million will go to the Environmental Protection Agency to develop better methods for decontaminating buildings where bioterrorism agents have been released. 

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020205-1.html

Office of the Press Secretary
January 25, 2002 
U.S. Customs Service -- Inspections
The President's 2003 Budget increases the inspection budget of the Customs Services by $619 million, for a total of $2.3 billion. This additional funding increases the ability of the Customs Service to fulfill its critical border security role. Specifically, the additional resources in the 2003 Budget will allow the Customs Service to achieve the following key objectives: 

Additional Personnel. The Customs Service will complete the hiring of approximately 800 new inspectors and agents to carry out additional security activities on our borders and at our seaports. 

New Technology. The President's Budget provides resources to purchase technologically advanced equipment that will assist in inspecting shipments so that time consuming and labor-intensive searches can be minimized. 

Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) -- Enforcement 
The President's 2003 Budget increases the INS budget for enforcement by $1.2 billion, for a total of $5.3 billion, including the resources necessary to implement the Entry-Exit visa system. These resources will enhance key INS missions related to homeland security, including border patrol, inspections, and the implementation of a technologically advanced system for monitoring the entry and exit of foreign visitors. Key goals include: 

Additional Personnel. The INS will more than double the number of border patrol agents and inspectors on the northern border. INS will also install integrated information systems to ensure that timely, accurate and complete enforcement data is transmitted to INS agents and other border security agencies operating in the field. 

Entry-Exit Tracking System. The INS will implement a new entry-exit system to track the arrival and departure of non-U.S. citizens. This new system will dramatically improve our ability to deny access to those individuals who should not enter the United States, while speeding the entry of routine, legitimate traffic. 

United States Coast Guard
The President's 2003 Budget increases funding for the Coast Guard's homeland security-related missions (protecting ports and coastal areas, as well as interdiction activities) by $282 million, to an overall level of $2.9 billion. After September 11, the Coast Guard's port security mission grew from approximately 1-2 percent of daily operations to between 50-60 percent today. In addition, the Coast Guard has important national security missions such as illegal immigration and drug interdiction and port security. 

Coordination. Working with other port entities, the Coast Guard is developing tracking mechanisms for all vessels operating in the maritime domain: within or transiting to U.S. ports and transiting our coastal waters. The heart of this maritime domain awareness program is accurate information, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance of all vessels, cargo, and people extending well beyond our traditional maritime boundaries. 

Coastal Asset and Infrastructure Protection. Coast Guard forces will provide enhanced defenses for critical high-risk vessels and coastal facilities, marine and otherwise (e.g. nuclear power plants, oil refineries). Close coordination through Harbor Safety Committees, which help bring together the many local, state, and Federal agencies that maintain and protect the harbor, will ensure a well-balanced protective envelope is sustained at different threat levels 

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020125.html
 

Information Technology and the Federal Government: Expanding E-Government

The Budget for 2003 requests a total of $50 billion for information technology investment across the entire Federal government. This enormous Federal investment in technology represents an opportunity to improve the performance of billions of dollars of Federal spending by increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of government.

Led by the Office of Management and Budget, the Administration is deploying 21 high payoff e-government initiatives to maximize Federal government productivity gains from technology, eliminate redundant systems, and significantly improve government's quality of service for citizens, businesses, and other levels of government over the next 18 to 24 months.

Using Information to Secure the Homeland
The President believes that an effective use of intelligence and closer coordination across all levels of government will help stop future terrorist attacks. In the wake of September 11, for example, we discovered that information on the hijackers' activities was available through a variety of databases at the Federal, State, and local government levels as well as within the private sector. 
Looking forward, we must build a system that combines threat information and then transmits it as needed to all relevant law enforcement and public safety officials.

The President's budget calls for an increase of $722 million and sets in motion a program to use information technology to more effectively share information and intelligence, both horizontally (among Federal agencies and Departments) and vertically (among the Federal, State and local governments). This ongoing homeland security initiative is a key component of the President's "Expanded Electronic Government" management initiative for the entire Federal government, which seeks to improve the way that agencies work together to serve citizens by maximizing the benefits of the Federal government's overall investment in information technology.

The homeland security information initiative has two key objectives: 

Goal 1: Tear down unwarranted information "stovepipes" within the Federal government. The President's Budget for 2003 proposes to establish an Information Integration Office within the Department of Commerce to implement a number of priority homeland security goals in the area of horizontal information sharing. The most important function of this office will be to design and help implement an interagency information architecture that will support United States efforts to find, track, and respond to terrorist threats within the United States and around the world, in a way that improves both the time of response and the quality of decisions. Controls will be developed to ensure that this initiative is carried out in a manner consistent with our broader values of civil liberties, economic prosperity, and privacy. 

Information technology is also a key to keeping track of short-term foreign visitors. Currently, the country has no system in place for monitoring when a foreign visitor has overstayed his or her visa. To begin filling this gap, the President's 2003 Budget provides $380 million to the INS to implement a new entry-exit system to track the arrival and departure of non-U.S. citizens. This new information-based system will dramatically improve our ability to deny access to those individuals who should not enter the United States, while speeding the entry of routine, legitimate traffic. 

Goal 2: Share homeland security information with States, localities, and relevant private sector entities. The struggle against terrorism is a truly national struggle. Federal, State, and local government agencies, as well as the private sector, must work seamlessly together. Having the right system of communication - content, process, and infrastructure -is critical to bridging the existing gaps between the Federal, State, and local governments, as well as the private sector. These new systems will greatly assist our officials at all levels to protect and defend against future terrorist attacks, and to effectively manage incidents whenever they should occur. 
To help meet these needs, the Administration will establish a uniform national threat advisory system to inform Federal agencies, State and local officials, as well as the private sector, of terrorist threats and appropriate protective actions. The Budget for 2003 supports this effort by funding the development and implementation of secure information systems to streamline the dissemination of critical homeland security information. 

Cyberspace-Security: Protecting our Information Infrastructure.
The information technology revolution has changed the way business is transacted, government operates and national defense is conducted.
These three functions are now fueled by an interdependent network of critical information infrastructures of which the Internet is key. America must do more to strengthen security on the Internet to protect our critical infrastructure. This cannot be done through government regulation; it can only be accomplished through a voluntary public and private partnership, including corporate and non-governmental organizations.

The President recognized the importance of ensuring the continued operation of America's critical information services by creating a national board and designating a special advisor for cyberspace security. Since October 2001, the President's Critical Infrastructure Protection Board has organized national committees to streamline initiatives and address emergency planning. The board has initiated research into potential methods to isolate and protect critical government information that carries vital communications. It has fostered an unprecedented national government-industry partnership to provide alert and warning for cyberspace threats.

This comprehensive strategy to defend cyberspace will be the result of a true partnership among government and the owners and operatives of critical infrastructure - including our partnership with the information technology industry, telecommunications, electric power, and the financial services industries. Some of the components of this national strategy will include:

National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC). The President's Budget for 2003 requests $125 million to fund the NIPC, the premier cyberspace-threat response center located within the FBI. This request represents an increase of more than $50 million from the NIPC's base 2002 funding level.

Cyberspace Warning Intelligence Network. The Internet and our critical infrastructure are constantly under attack from viruses and other invasive programs. The President's Budget for 2003 requests $30 million to create the Cyberspace Warning Intelligence Network (CWIN) that would link the major players in government and the private sector to manage future cyberspace crises.

Priority Wireless Access. On September 11, we learned first hand that in times of a major crisis, wireless communication jams due to congestion. First responders must be able to complete calls in a timely manner. The President's Budget for 2003 requests $60 million to develop a wireless priority access program that will give authorized users priority on the cellular network. The program will ensure that first responders have priority for cellular phone coverage during emergencies.

National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center. The President's Budget for 2003 requests $20 million to fund the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center at the Department of Energy. This Center will promote collaboration between Federal research efforts and the private sector to better understand the dependencies between the Internet, our critical infrastructure, and our economy.

Secure "GovNet" Feasibility Study. The President's Budget for 2003 requests $5 million for a feasibility study of a proposal to develop a government network that will secure critical functions performed by government at a higher level of security against external attack.

Advanced Encryption Standard. The President helped foster better computer security at Federal agencies. A new Federal standard announced on December 4, 2001, is designed to protect sensitive, unclassified information well into the 21st century. In limited circumstances, it will also be available for classified national security information. The new standard, called the Advanced Encryption Standard, also is expected to be used widely in the private sector, benefiting millions of consumers and businesses.

Cybercorps Scholarships for Service. The President's Budget for 2003 requests $11 million for the "Cybercorps." By injecting scholarship funding into universities across America, the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service program encourages college students to become high tech computer security professionals within government. Managed by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Personnel Management, this program also helps to build academic programs at universities in the area of computer security.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/21st-technology.html

US Funding for Homeland Defense and Combating Terrorism 
Steven M. Kosiak Published 01/24/2002
Backgrounder 

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the administration and Congress have provided some $58 billion in funding related to homeland defense and combating terrorism, and to aid with recovery efforts. This funding consists of about $18 billion provided in the regular, annual fiscal year (FY) 2002 appropriations bills and $40 billion included in emergency supplemental appropriations. 

The $18 billion figure is based on one of several possible conclusions that might reasonably be reached about which federal programs are relatively closely and directly related to homeland defense and combating terrorism. This rough and preliminary estimate derived by CSBA includes about: 
$10 billion for combating terrorism, including defense against weapons of mass destruction (WMD); 
$2-3 billion for critical (cyber and physical) infrastructure protection (CIP); 
$4 billion for the development of a national missile defense (NMD) system; and 
$1 billion to help prevent the diversion of WMD capabilities from the states of the former Soviet Union. 

The $40 billion provided in emergency funding includes: 
$29 billion for combating terrorism, including the prosecution of the war in Afghanistan; and 
$11 billion in assistance to victims and businesses affected by the attacks of September 11. 

Rough Estimate: The above figures represent only a rough estimate of US spending on homeland defense and combating terrorism. Providing a precise estimate of spending on these activities is not possible. Among other things, this is because the federal government has not traditionally attempted to track funding within these mission categories. In addition, many programs and activities related to homeland defense and combating terrorism are relevant to other missions as well, such as protecting against criminal activities or natural disasters, or fighting conventional military conflicts. 

Some Confusion Over Terms: Homeland defense and combating terrorism are related, but not synonymous missions. Administration estimates of funding to combat terrorism include programs and activities intended to protect US personnel and facilities located both in the United States and overseas from terrorist attack. Likewise, not all programs and activities related to homeland defense (e.g., NMD) are directed at countering attacks by terrorist groups. 

Wide Range of Threats: Attacks on the United States and terrorist attacks at home or abroad could involve a wide variety of different threats. For example, such strikes could involve the use of conventional explosives to blow up buildings, airliners or ships, as have many past terrorist attacks. Or such strikes could be aimed at potentially much more dangerous targets, such as nuclear power plants and related facilities. Alternatively, attacks on the United States might involve the use of WMD (e.g., nuclear, biological, chemical, or radiological weapons) that could, at the extreme, lead to tens of thousands of casualties. Attacks could also be made against the nation’s computer systems. 

Wide Range of Agencies Involved in Countering Threats: Given the wide variety of potential threats, not surprisingly, effectively protecting the United States from attack and combating terrorism requires the participation and cooperation of a large number of US departments and agencies. Over 40 different departments and agencies have received funding for programs related to homeland defense and combating terrorism in the recently enacted regular and emergency appropriations measures. 

Largest Share of Funding Allocated to National Security Community (NSC): Although funding for homeland defense and combating terrorism is divided among dozens of different departments and agencies, by far the largest share of that funding is provided to the Department of Defense (DoD) and other elements (primarily intelligence-related agencies) of the NSC. More than half of the funding included for these missions in the regular annual appropriations bills is allocated to the NSC (primarily DoD), as is over 44 percent of the funding in the emergency supplemental. 

Homeland Defense and Combating Terrorism Account for Only Small Share of NSC Funding: Although DoD and other NSC elements account for the largest share of federal spending related to homeland defense and combating terrorism, this funding accounts for only a small fraction of the overall DoD and NSC budgets. For example, only about $13 billion, or less than 4 percent of the regular FY 2002 defense budget appears to be allocated to programs and activities closely and directly related to homeland defense and combating terrorism. 

Prior to September 11, Federal Efforts to Combat Terrorism Focused on the Physical Protection of Federal Facilities and Law Enforcement: Before the terrorist attacks of September 11, the vast majority of federal funding for combating terrorism was allocated to physical security measures designed to protect federally-owned facilities (especially overseas military bases and embassies) from terrorist attack, and law enforcement and investigative activities. These priorities accounted for, respectively, 49 percent and 35 percent of the $10.3 billion the administration requested for combating terrorism in its regular FY 2002 budget submission. Only a tiny fraction of federal funding to combat terrorism included in this request was allocated to physical security measures aimed at protecting the general public and non-federal facilities and infrastructure, preparing for and responding to terrorist attacks, and related research and development efforts. Although it is difficult to precisely track congressional action on these programs, Congress appears to have approved roughly the level of funding the administration requested for combating terrorism in the regular FY 2002 annual appropriations bills. 

Critical Infrastructure Protection: Critical infrastructure consists of those physical and cyber-based systems essential to national security, national economic security, and public health and safety. CIP is not included in the administration’s own estimate of funding for combating terrorism because it is intended to provide protection against not only terrorist attacks, but equipment failure, weather, natural disasters, and criminal attacks. Nevertheless, CIP efforts could prove critical to countering certain kinds of terrorist attacks. Thus, the CIP budget, totaling some $2.5 billion in the FY 2002 request, is included in CSBA’s estimate of funding for homeland defense and combating terrorism. 

National Missile Defense: The FY 2002 defense budget approved by Congress provides some $8 billion for ballistic missile defense programs, at least $4 billion of which is allocated to NMD programs intended to protect the US homeland from attack by ballistic missiles. (The remainder of the funding is accounted for by theater missile defense programs, and technology and support programs and activities). 

Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) and Related Funding: The regular annual FY 2002 defense budget approved by Congress also provides roughly $1 billion for various programs administered by DoD, the Department of Energy (DoE) and the Department of State designed to assist the states of the former Soviet Union with the dismantlement and safeguarding of WMD, and preventing the spread of WMD materials or knowledge to other countries or terrorist groups. As such, these programs may play a critical role in combating terrorism and homeland defense. 

$40 Billion Emergency Supplemental: A few days after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, Congress passed, and the President signed, a $40 billion emergency supplemental appropriation to assist with response and recovery efforts. The President was given full authority to spend $10 billion of that funding as he saw fit without further congressional action. He was given the authority to spend another $10 billion of that funding at his discretion after giving Congress 15 days notice of how the funds would be allocated. The emergency supplemental provided that the remaining $20 billion could be spent only after the administration submitted a formal request to Congress identifying how it proposed to spend the money, and the request was approved by Congress. In other words, the last $20 billion increment was essentially treated as a second request for supplemental appropriations. 

The biggest change Congress made to this request was to cut $3.8 billion from the administration’s proposed funding level for DoD in order to provide additional funding for security infrastructure ($1.453 billion), bioterrorism ($1.256 billion) and investigation and law enforcement activities ($1.091 billion). 

Funding for Defense in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriation: The $17.5 billion provided for defense in the emergency supplemental appropriations is divided among more than half a dozen different funding categories. Almost two-thirds of the funding is allocated to improving intelligence and related activities, and fighting the war in Afghanistan. 

Increased Situational Awareness ($5.1 billion/29 percent): funds programs and activities, such as surveillance aircraft, sensors and classified programs, designed to improve intelligence, targeting and related activities. 

Increased Worldwide Posture ($5.1 billion/29 percent): covers the cost of the war in Afghanistan and the higher operational tempo of US forces. 

Offensive Counterterrorism ($1.8 billion/10 percent): funding for additional precision-guided and other munitions. 

Enhanced Force Protection ($1.5 billion/9 percent): pays for improving the ability of US forces to defend themselves against terrorist attack through the acquisition of self-defense weapons, and other security measures. 

Pentagon Repair and Upgrade ($1.5 billion/8 percent): covers the cost of removing debris, and repairing and upgrading the Pentagon after the attack of September 11. 

Improved Command and Control ($1.4 billion/8 percent): funds improvements in military communications and communications connecting federal, state and local authorities. 

Initial Crisis Response ($0.7 billion/4 percent): covers the cost of DoD’s response in the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks, including the cost of flying combat air patrols off the US coast and supporting efforts in New York City. 

Airport Security ($0.2 billion/1 percent): provides funding for National Guard presence at airports. 
Other ($0.2/1 percent): covers the cost of certain military construction projects and potential increases in fuel costs. 

Conclusion 
As noted at the outset of this analysis, the level of funding provided for combating terrorism and homeland defense can be only roughly estimated. This is both because defining which programs are related to these missions is a difficult and subjective task, and because these programs are spread throughout dozens of departments and agencies. Given the great importance of this mission area, there is reason to hope that the administration’s FY 2003 budget request will provide a more detailed and comprehensive accounting of funding for these programs. 
# # # #
For more information, contact Steven Kosiak at (202) 331-7990. 
The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking about defense planning and investment strategies for the twenty-first century. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich. 
 

This estimate includes about $5.7 billion in NSC funding to combat terrorism, including defending against WMD, $1.9 billion in NSC-related CIP funding, roughly $4 billion for NMD programs, and some $1 billion for CTR and related programs. 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Annual Report to Congress on Combating Terrorism, August 2001, p. 7 
Methodologically, it might be preferable to allocate only some share of CIP funding to the missions of homeland defense and combating terrorism, since CIP programs are aimed at countering other kinds of dangers as well. But such a distinction is not possible based on available data. 
The emergency supplemental appropriation also included some $277 million for DoE threat reduction related efforts. 
Although the $40 billion emergency supplemental appropriation was enacted in FY 2001, much of the funding, including at least the last $20 billion provided by Congress through a subsequent vote (i.e., the second supplemental) will presumably be scored as FY 2002 funding. 
Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels, “Terrorism Funding: Congressional Debate on Emergency Supplemental Allocations,” Congressional Research Service (CRS), January 7, 2002, pp. 6-7. The reduction to the administration’s request for DoD emergency funding was partly offset by the addition of $478 million for activities related to combating terrorism included in the regular FY 2002 defense appropriations bill. Ibid., p. 19. 
The FY 2002 defense appropriations conference report also provides that as much as 1.5 percent of the funding approved in DoD’s procurement and R&D budget titles may be transferred to support operations in Afghanistan or DoD homeland defense activities. Ibid., p. 21. 
The following funding breakdown and category descriptions are taken from CRS, pp 23-26.

http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/Archive/B.20020124.US_Funding_for_Hom/B.20020124.US_Funding_for_Hom.htm