Equipment:
List the equipment that you will use for this experiment.

Components:
List the component that you will use for this experiment.
[Hint] You will use a chip called "LM741" in your ECE11 kit as the operational amplifier.  Please refer to LM741 data sheet to see the connections diagrams of this chip.  The data sheet can be obtained from HERE.

Objectives:

• Design, build and test a DC inverting amplifier.
• Design, build and test a DC summing amplifier.
• Design, build and test a DC non-inverting amplifier.
• Design, build and test a DC difference amplifier.
• Design, build and test a buffer.
• Design, build and test a comparator.

1A - (PreLab) Design of DC Inverting Amplifier
Design a DC Inverting Amplifier that has the following specifications:

Vcc+ = +12Vdc
Vcc- = -12Vdc
Voltage Gain (Av) = -10
Vin = 200mVdc

Show all general equations and design steps.
Use ORCAD (circuit simulation software) to simulate the result of your design.

1B - Verification of DC Inverting Amplifier
Use the data obtained from the design to build your DC Inverting Amplifier.  Please use LM741 as the op-amps.  Make sure the connection diagram is correct.  Measure the Vout of the op-amp and verify that the voltage gain (Av) is -10.  Put the calculated data and measured data in Data Table 1 - Design and Verification of DC Inverting Op-Amps.
 

	Design	Measurement
Vp
Vn
Av
Vin
Vout

           Data Table 1

2. - Op-Amps as a Non-Inverting Amplifier
Based on the lecture from class, you should be familiar with the role of operational amplifier as a non-inverting amplifier.
 

2A - (PreLab) Design of DC Non-Inverting Amplifier
Design a DC Non-Inverting Amplifier that has the following specifications:

Vcc+ = +12Vdc
Vcc- = -12Vdc
Voltage Gain (Av) = 10
Vin = +200mVdc

Show all general equations and design steps.
Use ORCAD (circuit simulation software) to simulate the result of your design.

2B - Verification of DC Non-Inverting Amplifier
Use the data obtained from the design to build your DC Non-Inverting Amplifier.  Please use LM741 as the op-amps.  Make sure the connection diagram is correct.  Measure the Vout of the op-amp and verify that the voltage gain (Av) is 10.  Put the calculated data and measured data in Data Table 2 - Design and Verification of DC Non-Inverting Op-Amps.
 

	Design	Measurement
Vp
Vn
Av
Vin
Vout

           Data Table 2
 

3. - Op-Amps as a Summing Amplifier
Based on the lecture from class, you should be familiar with the role of operational amplifier as a summing amplifier.  In this section, you are asked to sum up two different voltage inputs and amplify the signals.
 

3A - (PreLab) Design of DC Summing Amplifier
Design a DC Summing Amplifier that has the following specifications:

Vcc+ = +10Vdc
Vcc- = -10Vdc
Input 1 (Vin1) = +500 mVdc
Input 2 (Vin2) = +500 mVdc
Voltage Gain (Av) = -2
 

Show all general equations and design steps.
Use ORCAD (circuit simulation software) to simulate the result of your design.

3B - Verification of DC Summing Amplifier
Use the data obtained from the design to build your DC Summing Amplifier.  Please use LM741 as the op-amp.  Make sure the connection diagram is correct.  Measure the Vout of the op-amp and verify that the voltage gain (Av) is -2 and Vout = -2(Vin1 + Vin2).  Put the calculated data and measured data in Data Table 3 - Design and Verification of DC Summing Op-Amps.
 

	Design	Measurement
Vp
Vn
Av
Vin1
Vin2
Vout

           Data Table 3

4. - Op-Amps as a Differential Amplifier
Based on the lecture from class, you should be familiar with the role of operational amplifier as a differential amplifier.  In this section, you are asked to subtract one voltage input from the other and amplify the resulting output signal.
 

4A - (PreLab) Design of DC Differential Amplifier
Design a DC Differential Amplifier that has the following specifications:

Vcc+ = +10Vdc
Vcc- = -10Vdc
Input 1 (Vin1) = +400 mVdc
Input 2 (Vin2) = +900 mVdc
Voltage Gain (Av) = 2
 

Show all general equations and design steps.
Use ORCAD (circuit simulation software) to simulate the result of your design.
 

4B - Verification of DC Differential Amplifier
Use the data obtained from the design to build your DC Differential Amplifier.  Please use LM741 as the op-amp.  Make sure the connection diagram is correct.  Measure the Vout of the op-amp and verify that the voltage gain (Av) is 2 and Vout = 2(Vin2 - Vin1).  Put the calculated data and measured data in Data Table 4 - Design and Verification of DC Differential Op-Amp.
 

	Design	Measurement
Vp
Vn
Av
Vin1
Vin2
Vout

           Data Table 4
 

5. - Op-Amps as a Buffer (Current Amplifier)
Based on the lecture from class, you should be familiar with the role of operational amplifier as a buffer.  In this section, you are asked to design and test a buffer (Vout=Vin).
 

5A - (PreLab) Design of Op-Amp as a Buffer
Design an Op-Amp to act as a Buffer that has the following specifications:

Vcc+ = +10Vdc
Vcc- = -10Vdc
Vin= +500 mVdc
Voltage Gain (Av) = 1
 

Show all general equations and design steps.
Use ORCAD (circuit simulation software) to simulate the result of your design.

5B - Verification of Op-Amp as a Buffer
Use the data obtained from the design to build your Buffer.  Please use LM741 as the op-amp.  Make sure the connection diagram is correct.  Measure the Vout of the op-amp and verify that the voltage gain (Av) is 1. Put the calculated data and measured data in Data Table 5 - Design and Verification of Op-Amp as a Buffer.
 

	Design	Measurement
Vp
Vn
Av
Vin
Vout

           Data Table 5

6. - Op-Amps as a Comparator
Comparator is a circuit that will compare two different input signals and give the output signal  based on the result of the comparison.  Op-Amp Voltage Transfer Characteristic allows it to be used as comparator between two inputs (refer to class notes).
 

6A - (PreLab) Design of Op-Amp as a Comparator
Design an Op-Amp to act as a Comparator that has the following specifications:

Vin1 = 1Vdc
Vin2 = 500 mVdc
IF Vin1 > Vin2 THEN Vout = +15Vdc
ELSE IF Vin1 < Vin2 THEN Vout = -15Vdc

[Hint) Draw the Op-Amps Voltage Transfer Characteristic to design this comparator.
Show all general equations and design steps.
 

6B - Verification of Op-Amp as a Comparator
Use the data obtained from the design to build your Comparator.  Please use LM741 as the op-amp.  Make sure the connection diagram is correct.  Measure the Vout of the op-amp and verify that it follows the specifications. Put the calculated data and measured data in Data Table 6 - Design and Verification of Op-Amp as a Comparator.
 

	Design	Measurement
Vcc+
Vcc-
Vin1
Vin2
Vout

           Data Table 6
 

3.  Conclusions

1. Compare the calculations and measurements results for all data tables.  Explain the reasons for any difference between calculations and mesurements.
2. Give one example where the comparator circuit can be used in any practical application.